How to Structure a Dissertation

The most effective method to Structure a Dissertation?Chapter and Sections Explained | General Structure of a DissertationMany understudies are befuddled about the thesis structure necessities given to them by their guides, and missing the point will influence their last grade. Beneath you will locate a simple to follow manual for structure a thesis. It is suggested that you make the titles and captions before you fill the paper with content, and decide to what extent every part will be to make up the necessary exposition word tally. The most effective method to structure an exposition The accompanying aide gives you the general standards of exposition structure utilized for theses that incorporate essential research: ? Cover sheet Make sure that you check the data that should be remembered for the cover sheet. A few organizations request the all out word tally and your supervisor’s name, just as your own and course data. ? Devotion This page is regularly disregarded by understudies, yet has a significant job in organizing your paper. You have to commit your work to an individual, establishment, or cause. For instance, you may commit your paper to the establishment that bolstered your exploration. ? Affirmations This short piece of your exposition will recognize the help and help you got from your mentors, establishment, or partners. ? Unique A rundown of the thesis, including reason and discoveries. ? Chapter by chapter list ? Presentation This presents the investigation and builds up the examination setting. It ought to incorporate an announcement of the issue viable, the target of the exploration, what or who is remembered for the examination, and a review of the structure of the exposition. ? Writing Review This gives a broad foundation to important hypotheses. It ought to investigate and study past research and any informative models. It should end with the exploration inquiries to be replied by the examination. ? Approach This piece of the paper structure sets out the manner in which the investigation was done, and ought to incorporate subsections, for example, I. Research theory ii. Approach and methodology iii. Information assortment and investigation iv. Issues with access to subjects/information, v. Unwavering quality vi. Legitimacy and materialness vii. Moral issues and any restrictions identified with your exploration ? Results This area sets out the aftereffects of your examination. The accentuation is upon crude information as opposed to understandings and ends, and you should make tables or/and diagrams to improve the structure of the thesis and present your outcomes all the more obviously. ? Conversation This piece of the thesis talks about the outcomes in a more extensive setting, and connections with topics drawn out during the writing audit are thought of. Further, you should investigate the postulations and speculations talked about in the writing survey area dependent on the consequences of the examination. You have to state whether the proof offers help for the examination speculation. Each exploration question is talked about regarding the proof. This area likewise gives a short reiteration of the writing survey and strategy. ? End This exposition area sums up the investigation. No new material is to be presented here, yet downsides of the examination can be incorporated, and suggestions for future research can be made. ?References These must be recorded in the arrangement endorsed by your college. ?Indeces This significant piece of the paper incorporates surveys, tables, transcripts of meetings and measurable yields. As reference sections are not part of your all out word tally , they can be helpful for holding data where you are concerned your assertion check is excessively high. Sections of a Dissertation Explained The principle reason for the exposition structure is to introduce your examination and thoughts in a consistent manner. On the off chance that you realize how to structure a paper the right way, you are bound to take care of business the first run through, rather than being approached to cause revisions for quite a long time before it to can be acknowledged by your foundation. The introduction’s reason for existing is to educate the peruser about the reason and setting of the investigation. The writing survey shows your organization that you have finished the necessary foundation considers. To express your philosophy, you should know about various research approaches and strategies in your chose scholastic field. The Results segment of the thesis must be organized such that the results are effectively deciphered by the peruser. You can voice your analysis and think about the discoveries and speculations in the Discussion area. In the Conclusion and Recommendations segment of the paper, you should show that your examination has conveyed significant information for a specific industry or field of study. The Literature Review Structure In this segment, you have to thoroughly analyze the perspectives on various creators on the issue you are exploring, feature the holes and inconsistencies in flow writing, and show how your investigation is identified with momentum and past research. On the off chance that you are befuddled about what to remember for this thesis area, ask our site specialists on organizing your writing audit. The Correct Dissertation Methodology Structure You should express your exploration reasoning: either positivism, interpretivism, or post-positivism. In the following area, you need to express your exploration approach, trailed by technique and research structure, information assortment and investigation strategies, lastly the moral contemplations, legitimacy, and generalisability of the examination, just as the constraints of the investigation. For a full guide on the best way to structure an approach part, look at our itemized our site control on system structure. Step by step instructions to Clarify the Dissertation Structure Requirements Most schools and colleges distribute their rules on exposition structure. You should explain the word tally prerequisites and referencing rules for every section with your teacher before you begin taking a shot at your exposition. Recall that each field of study and organization have their own particular prerequisites for word check, designing referencing, and sections, so you should acquire data and ought not depend on general data on organizing a thesis. You may need to look for additional exhortation and direction on the most proficient method to structure a thesis and what to remember for every part. In the event that you have a particular inquiries or questions, you can present your inquiry to the our site bolster page, and get a specialist in your scholastic field give you further guidance.Do you need assistance composing your exposition or proposition? Reach Us TodaySummary Reviewer Admin †Robert Gil Review Date 2017-07-25 Reviewed Item Structuring a thesis Author Rating 5

Causes And Consequences Of Bribery In International Business Essay

Causes And Consequences Of Bribery In International Business - Essay Example Prior guidelines against defilement concentrated on organizations in China as it were. Remote organizations frequently needed to pay for getting licenses, enjoy the underground market, dodge customs, pay for outside excursions of authorities, installments of their kids’ outside training, or structure cartels to conquer the framework. The free execution of FCPA made it simpler for US organizations to enjoy defilement practices. The â€Å"Criminal Law of the PRC† covers demonstrations of pay off of state authorities and workers of state-possessed endeavors. The â€Å"Law Against Unfair Competition of the PRC† prevents organizations from giving cash or property to customers. The nearness of hazy areas, for example, the issue of blessings underneath the money related estimation of $600 makes it less successful. The laws are encircled so that any sorts of endowments to anyone can be deciphered by control of the law. To control debasement rehearses, the US Compan y while beginning its business in China, ought to adjust its arrangements and systems to suit the way of life of the nation, alongside constant preparing and helping to remember the rules. The remarks by the US Foreign Services Agent feature the inadequacies in the current law and the tendency of specialists towards helping US organizations in defilement matters to give them a level playing ground field with other nation's companies.â 1. The various kinds of pay-offs, installments or favors are installments for licenses to import and fare, installment for outside excursions of Chinese authorities, installment for the remote condo, outside instruction of children, installments to sell or buy products, installments to state authorities consequently of certain favors, installments to dodge customs.â 6. The remarks by the previous US Foreign Service Agent feature the blemishes in the legitimate framework, and dishonest conduct of the specialists. It is deceptive just as unlawful to help business by giving them the best defilement practices.â

How To Create A Strong CV For Your Medical School Application

You’ve taken the MCAT, completed all the pre-reqs, and maybe shadowed a physician, done some research, and volunteered. Now it’s time to make sure you’re all in for the last legs of this long journey. In this series, we’ll discuss how you can continue to navigate your way to a med school acceptance by analyzing your profile, creating a strong med school application, writing stellar AMCAS and secondary essays, and nailing your interview. Your resume is a key part of your application materials for med school or residency. You may think that because you’re uploading all your materials through the AMCAS or ERAS system, you won’t need a stellar paper CV. Not so. Here’s why: A CV is a vital prà ©cis of your achievements. It can help you as you complete the ERAS CV section (or the AMCAS activities section). Having a polished resume to provide to your recommenders (and later, to residency directors) is also helpful. In addition, it’s a good idea to maintain your CV as an evolving document as your career evolves. How can you create an effective medical resume? 1. Keep the time period relevant. For a resume for medical school, keep the focus on work and activities during college; only look back to high school in case of really significant honors (such as a major scholarship that extended into college). For a CV for your residency, focus primarily on experiences during medical school. 2. Carefully consider the sections you want to include. You’ll tailor this to your needs, but examples are: Education; Honors/Awards; Training; Publications; Presentations; Research; Teaching Experience; Work Experience; Licensure; Professional Memberships; Volunteer Activities. Within each section, list your activities in reverse chronological order. 3. Include concise, clear descriptions of your accomplishments in each section. Use strong verbs wherever possible. Use consistent formatting. Avoid vague or unexplained acronyms and abbreviations—you want your reader to know what you’re talking about immediately. 4. Be concise and direct. Keep the length of your CV reasonable at 1-2 pages. Your CV will grow as your career does—CV length limits aren’t as constrained as resume lengths. For example, if you’ve had a career prior to entering medicine, or if you have extensive research experience and publications, your CV may exceed this 2 page guideline. 5. Leave out sensitive personal information (such as marital status, social security number, etc). Also, needless to say, leave out anything fabricated or exaggerated. 6. Proofread, proofread, proofread! It’s helpful to have someone else look over your CV to spot errors and inconsistencies. ; By  Dr. Rebecca Blustein,  Accepted consultant since 2008, former Student Affairs Officer at UCLA’s Scholarship Resource Center. Dr. Blustein, who earned her Ph.D. at UCLA, has helped hundreds of applicants get accepted to top MS, MA, and Ph.D. programs. Shes also an expert on grad school funding and scholarships.  Want Rebecca  to help you get accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  Navigate the Med School Maze, a free guide †¢ How to Shadow a Doctor   †¢Ã‚  5 Reasons Why Med Applicants Should Volunteer How To Create A Strong CV For Your Medical School Application You’ve taken the MCAT, completed all the pre-reqs, and maybe shadowed a physician, done some research, and volunteered. Now it’s time to make sure you’re all in for the last legs of this long journey. In this series, we’ll discuss how you can continue to navigate your way to a med school acceptance by analyzing your profile, creating a strong med school application, writing stellar AMCAS and secondary essays, and nailing your interview. Your resume is a key part of your application materials for med school or residency. You may think that because you’re uploading all your materials through the AMCAS or ERAS system, you won’t need a stellar paper CV. Not so. Here’s why: A CV is a vital prà ©cis of your achievements. It can help you as you complete the ERAS CV section (or the AMCAS activities section). Having a polished resume to provide to your recommenders (and later, to residency directors) is also helpful. In addition, it’s a good idea to maintain your CV as an evolving document as your career evolves. How can you create an effective medical resume? 1. Keep the time period relevant. For a resume for medical school, keep the focus on work and activities during college; only look back to high school in case of really significant honors (such as a major scholarship that extended into college). For a CV for your residency, focus primarily on experiences during medical school. 2. Carefully consider the sections you want to include. You’ll tailor this to your needs, but examples are: Education; Honors/Awards; Training; Publications; Presentations; Research; Teaching Experience; Work Experience; Licensure; Professional Memberships; Volunteer Activities. Within each section, list your activities in reverse chronological order. 3. Include concise, clear descriptions of your accomplishments in each section. Use strong verbs wherever possible. Use consistent formatting. Avoid vague or unexplained acronyms and abbreviations—you want your reader to know what you’re talking about immediately. 4. Be concise and direct. Keep the length of your CV reasonable at 1-2 pages. Your CV will grow as your career does—CV length limits aren’t as constrained as resume lengths. For example, if you’ve had a career prior to entering medicine, or if you have extensive research experience and publications, your CV may exceed this 2 page guideline. 5. Leave out sensitive personal information (such as marital status, social security number, etc). Also, needless to say, leave out anything fabricated or exaggerated. 6. Proofread, proofread, proofread! It’s helpful to have someone else look over your CV to spot errors and inconsistencies. ; By  Dr. Rebecca Blustein,  Accepted consultant since 2008, former Student Affairs Officer at UCLA’s Scholarship Resource Center. Dr. Blustein, who earned her Ph.D. at UCLA, has helped hundreds of applicants get accepted to top MS, MA, and Ph.D. programs. Shes also an expert on grad school funding and scholarships.  Want Rebecca  to help you get accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  Navigate the Med School Maze, a free guide †¢ How to Shadow a Doctor   †¢Ã‚  5 Reasons Why Med Applicants Should Volunteer How To Create A Strong CV For Your Medical School Application You’ve taken the MCAT, completed all the pre-reqs, and maybe shadowed a physician, done some research, and volunteered. Now it’s time to make sure you’re all in for the last legs of this long journey. In this series, we’ll discuss how you can continue to navigate your way to a med school acceptance by analyzing your profile, creating a strong med school application, writing stellar AMCAS and secondary essays, and nailing your interview. Your resume is a key part of your application materials for med school or residency. You may think that because you’re uploading all your materials through the AMCAS or ERAS system, you won’t need a stellar paper CV. Not so. Here’s why: A CV is a vital prà ©cis of your achievements. It can help you as you complete the ERAS CV section (or the AMCAS activities section). Having a polished resume to provide to your recommenders (and later, to residency directors) is also helpful. In addition, it’s a good idea to maintain your CV as an evolving document as your career evolves. How can you create an effective medical resume? 1. Keep the time period relevant. For a resume for medical school, keep the focus on work and activities during college; only look back to high school in case of really significant honors (such as a major scholarship that extended into college). For a CV for your residency, focus primarily on experiences during medical school. 2. Carefully consider the sections you want to include. You’ll tailor this to your needs, but examples are: Education; Honors/Awards; Training; Publications; Presentations; Research; Teaching Experience; Work Experience; Licensure; Professional Memberships; Volunteer Activities. Within each section, list your activities in reverse chronological order. 3. Include concise, clear descriptions of your accomplishments in each section. Use strong verbs wherever possible. Use consistent formatting. Avoid vague or unexplained acronyms and abbreviations—you want your reader to know what you’re talking about immediately. 4. Be concise and direct. Keep the length of your CV reasonable at 1-2 pages. Your CV will grow as your career does—CV length limits aren’t as constrained as resume lengths. For example, if you’ve had a career prior to entering medicine, or if you have extensive research experience and publications, your CV may exceed this 2 page guideline. 5. Leave out sensitive personal information (such as marital status, social security number, etc). Also, needless to say, leave out anything fabricated or exaggerated. 6. Proofread, proofread, proofread! It’s helpful to have someone else look over your CV to spot errors and inconsistencies. ; By  Dr. Rebecca Blustein,  Accepted consultant since 2008, former Student Affairs Officer at UCLA’s Scholarship Resource Center. Dr. Blustein, who earned her Ph.D. at UCLA, has helped hundreds of applicants get accepted to top MS, MA, and Ph.D. programs. Shes also an expert on grad school funding and scholarships.  Want Rebecca  to help you get accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  Navigate the Med School Maze, a free guide †¢ How to Shadow a Doctor   †¢Ã‚  5 Reasons Why Med Applicants Should Volunteer How To Create A Strong CV For Your Medical School Application You’ve taken the MCAT, completed all the pre-reqs, and maybe shadowed a physician, done some research, and volunteered. Now it’s time to make sure you’re all in for the last legs of this long journey. In this series, we’ll discuss how you can continue to navigate your way to a med school acceptance by analyzing your profile, creating a strong med school application, writing stellar AMCAS and secondary essays, and nailing your interview. Your resume is a key part of your application materials for med school or residency. You may think that because you’re uploading all your materials through the AMCAS or ERAS system, you won’t need a stellar paper CV. Not so. Here’s why: A CV is a vital prà ©cis of your achievements. It can help you as you complete the ERAS CV section (or the AMCAS activities section). Having a polished resume to provide to your recommenders (and later, to residency directors) is also helpful. In addition, it’s a good idea to maintain your CV as an evolving document as your career evolves. How can you create an effective medical resume? 1. Keep the time period relevant. For a resume for medical school, keep the focus on work and activities during college; only look back to high school in case of really significant honors (such as a major scholarship that extended into college). For a CV for your residency, focus primarily on experiences during medical school. 2. Carefully consider the sections you want to include. You’ll tailor this to your needs, but examples are: Education; Honors/Awards; Training; Publications; Presentations; Research; Teaching Experience; Work Experience; Licensure; Professional Memberships; Volunteer Activities. Within each section, list your activities in reverse chronological order. 3. Include concise, clear descriptions of your accomplishments in each section. Use strong verbs wherever possible. Use consistent formatting. Avoid vague or unexplained acronyms and abbreviations—you want your reader to know what you’re talking about immediately. 4. Be concise and direct. Keep the length of your CV reasonable at 1-2 pages. Your CV will grow as your career does—CV length limits aren’t as constrained as resume lengths. For example, if you’ve had a career prior to entering medicine, or if you have extensive research experience and publications, your CV may exceed this 2 page guideline. 5. Leave out sensitive personal information (such as marital status, social security number, etc). Also, needless to say, leave out anything fabricated or exaggerated. 6. Proofread, proofread, proofread! It’s helpful to have someone else look over your CV to spot errors and inconsistencies. ; By  Dr. Rebecca Blustein,  Accepted consultant since 2008, former Student Affairs Officer at UCLA’s Scholarship Resource Center. Dr. Blustein, who earned her Ph.D. at UCLA, has helped hundreds of applicants get accepted to top MS, MA, and Ph.D. programs. Shes also an expert on grad school funding and scholarships.  Want Rebecca  to help you get accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  Navigate the Med School Maze, a free guide †¢ How to Shadow a Doctor   †¢Ã‚  5 Reasons Why Med Applicants Should Volunteer

Internship Report on the Marketing Practice of Sandhani...

Internship Report On The MARKETING practice OF SANDHANI LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY – A CASE STUDY Submitted to: Mr. Ejaj Ahmed Asst. Professor Head of Department School of Business Prime Asia University 40, Kemal Ataturk Avenue Banani, Dhaka-1213 Submitted by: Md. Junaid Islam ID# 05436049 BBA, 4th Batch Date of Submission: August 10, 2010 Contents Letter of Transmittal i Acknowledgement ii Abstract iii CHAPTER ONE 1.2 Introduction 1.2.1 Objectives of the Study 1.2.2 Importance of the Study 1.2.3 Scope of the Study 1.2.4 Methodology 1.2.4.1 Secondary Sources 1.2.4.2 Primary Sources 1.2.5 Limitations CHAPTER TWO 2.1 Literature Review CHAPTER THREE: Sandhani Life Insurance Company: Their services and Marketing†¦show more content†¦In this regard I would like to thank from the core of my heart to the internship supervisor Mr. Ejaj Ahmed Assistant Professor Head, school of Business , Prime Asia University and Dr. Arun Kumar Roy, Associate Professor, School of Business, Prime Asia University, ,who helped me to in the completion of the report. We would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Asaduzzaman, Asst. General Manager and Arun Kumer Dus, Deputy Manager and, the policyholders and non policyholders of the Sandhani Life Insurance Company Ltd for providing me helpful information and to complete this project successfully. Abstract: This paper aims at identifying the marketing activities of Sandhani Life Insurance Company Ltd.; understanding their control and administration; evaluating their performance; To portray the customers’ reaction towards the marketing activities of Sandhani Life Insurance Company Ltd.; and To make policy prescriptions arising out of the study. Insurance, which is called unsought product in marketing, is defined as a co-operative device to spread the loss caused by a particular risk and life insurance is explained as the contract, whereby the insurer in consideration of a premium undertakes to pay a certain sum of money either on the death of the insured or on the expiry of a fixed period. On the other hand, marketing is managing profitable relationship with customers. The present paper has

A Common Misconception Of Diversity - 908 Words

A common misconception that people make about diversity in a business environment is associating it with employment equality. The mistake may cause people to assume that diversity does not apply to them since they are not responsible for hiring employees. This can make achieving the goal of a diverse collaboration challenging because diversity is voluntary, it applies to everyone, and its success exclusively depends on each individual. Diversity is more than just equality, and it must be looked at broadly because it is not limited to specific categories such as age, gender, and race. Instead, diversity encompasses an entire array of opinions, attributes, perspectives, talents, and experiences that are unique to each individual –creating diversity. Understanding the concept of diversity is important, it will encourage people to not only to apply it in the workplace, but in all areas of their life as well. Employment equality is an example of government regulation over industry, it is mandatory, and it is enforced through legislation. â€Å"Affirmative action refers to programs that intended to affirm the civil rights by taking positive action to protect them from discrimination† (National Archives and Records Administration). Before this time women and minorities were considered to be inferior to white males, and they faced discrimination in finding employment and with compensation. The United Stated government sought to â€Å"made it unlawful for an employer to fail or refuse to hireShow MoreRelatedMulticulturalism Is Becoming A Prevalent Issue Within Our Community855 Words   |  4 Pagesodd topic among our society and most people really don t know what it is. There are common misconceptions that those who are intolerant or ignorant to multiculturalism are automatically racist. 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Legal Professional Issues in Nursing for Healthcare- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLegal Professional Issues in Nursing for Healthcare. Answer: Nursing Workload Nurse workload has been associated with the volume of the nurses' work. Attempts have been also made to quantify the work of nurses relatively to health human resource management. Studies indicate that there is a shortage of nurse globally and as a result, the healthcare provision is widely affected. Nurse workload typically arise when the ration of work or service demanded is more than the number of staff offering thus making the nurses to increasingly play versatile roles to meet the increasing demands (Alghamdi, 2016) The nurses workload also can be caused by inadequate supply of nurses, reduced staffing overtime and the reduction in the length of stay of the patient. Poor technology with healthcare facilities also forms key factor in nurse workload. It is an indication that nurses in the majority of the healthcare facilities perform lots of work beyond the established standards. Due to increasing number of population, the ration of nurses to that of patients is worrying. However, the hard economic conditions have made many health facilities to reduce the number of nurses being employed and increase the overtime (Carrara, et al., 2016). Increasing cost pressure made majorities of hospitals to reduce the length of stay of patients in hospitals. This means that it is only the sicker patients that are cared, therefore their work is much intensive and need lots of time. Significance of Nursing Workload to Nursing Profession The nursing workload is a big issue in nursing profession because it curtails set standards of nursing practice in Australia. It does not give chance to the nurses to perform their duty well and eventually falling into legal constraints (Pearson et al., 2006). The nurse workload has ruined reputation of many healthcare facilities due to its outcome. Many types of research have indicated that heavy workload among nurse leads to job dissatisfaction of more than 20% of the nurses in the country. The move would lead to low morale, turnover, poor performance, absenteeism and eventually risking the quality of patient care and effectiveness of the organization. High nurse workload is one of the key job stress creator in the majority of healthcare facilities. It can result in emotional exhaustion, anger and cynicism, and burnout (Hayes et al., 2015). Nurses who are experiencing these issues may not in full capacity to perform efficiently and effectively due to the fact that their cognitive and physical resources could have reduced thus affecting the safety of the patient. Nursing workload do not only affects individual nurses. It can also have effects on other nurses and other medics. It reduces the time which nurses have to assist other nurses. Due to inadequate time to help each other, it may result in inadequate training or supervision of new nurses under training. Furthermore, the nurse workload has brought in delays in patients admissions. Lots of work make them slow in taking details of the patients and may delay those who are in the waiting bay (Blay et al., 2017). Long queues make the hospital inefficient and some patients with serious conditions have in the past died under such circumstances. Studies have further indicated that nurses are facing threat of violence within their work station due to lots of workload. Majority of the questioned nurses indicated that they have turned violent more than once in a period of one month. It is a fact that nurses are psychologically disturbed hence they are at risk of turning violent. Generally, the nurse workload in NSW has slowed provision of healthcare. Due to lots of works on nurses, health care facilities faces lots of long queue of patients. 34% of the patients in NSW indicated that they were not satisfied with health care provisions within the state (Henderson, et al., 2016). Patients dissatis faction has affected nursing profession because the errors and deaths linked ton nurses failures have made profession to lose its meaning among people. The nursing profession has been put into spotlight for many years for issues brought by nurse workload. Different organizations have raised lots of concerns and nurses currently work under lots of pressure. The move would further frustrate the nurses and more injuries would be expected. The new nurses under training have not been getting enough time to learn what they are taught in classes rather they are overworked thus making them to get discouraged in the line of duty (Hendersonet al., 2016).The move would slowly kill nursing profession because they would be no more people willing to pursue nursing profession. Impacts on Patients Safety The nursing workload has got lots of impacts on patients safety. First and for most, when nurses are overworked, they are not in good position to offer good services to the patients. The outcomes of the patient are greatly affected by the workload of the nurse (Henderson, et al., 2016). If there is lots of work needed to be done by few nurses in the healthcare facility, there are high chances that patients would not get enough attention as required. Those who need to deliver would face lots of complications because the service providers are not there to assist them. Furthermore, the patients in wards would be at high risk of complications. Studies done have indicated that nursing workload contributed to 30 percent of patients falls in bed (Ross et al., 2018). This is as a result of poor inadequate care provided to those particular patients. Workload in nursing profession has further contributed to lots of medical errors. When a nurse works for over 8 hours, his or her mind would be c ompletely tired to perform easy tasks. At this instant, the nurse would not be in a position to remember well thus can confuse patients resulting in wrong medication. Additionally, overworked nurses can get asleep while attending critical emergencies thus compromising the safety of the patient. The heavy nursing workload is linked to suboptimal patient care which can result in reduced patient satisfaction. Studies from the agency for healthcare research and quality indicated that there is a significant linked between nurse workload and high rates of infection in the hospitals for instance, 2.6% of the infections in NSW hospitals were as a linked of nurse workload (Twigg and Duffield, 2009) Nursing workload implicates the time which the nurse can set to different tasks. When nurses are under workload, they may not have enough time to do tasks which can have a direct impact on the safety of the patient. However, the heavy workload can influence the care provider to perform several procedures. Additionally, heavy workload can reduce the time spent by nurses communicating to physicians thus work eventually affect the quality of nurse-physician collaboration. Furthermore, the heavy workload can result in poor communication between nurses and the patients thus resulting in reduced quality of health care provided. It is also evident that nurses have not been having enough time to meet the family members of the patients (Ross et al., 2018). The move has reduced the quality of the health care provided because it prevent them from knowing what the patient would need at home. In this regard, the patient would not receive care as expected. However, there is fear that majority of the nurses in NSW have been giving patients wrong drugs when under lots of work. Studies conducted indicates that 1 of 10 patients have reported to have been issued with wrong drugs by nurses in wards (Henderson, et al., 2016). The move has put lots of questions on how nurses have been contributing to death s and poor medications. It is an indication that patients are not guaranteed of their safety. Workload management Strategies Nurse workload is an unhealthy task which put the lives of nurses and patients at risk. There exist diverse strategies which can be used to minimize the impact caused by nurse workload in healthcare facilities. First and for most, the NSW healthcare facilities should consider hiring enough nurses (Davidson and Everett, 2015). This is one of the ways to ensure that patients are given full attention while in hospital. Enough staff is of great importance because nurse-patient communication would be enhanced thus facilitation healing process to be faster. Well-staffed health care facility would ensure a good relationship between nurses themselves and also other medical practitioners. The role of the nurses should be clearly specified. They should not be carrying trays and food to the patients. The management should consider staffing social workers to assist them in delivering such services to avoid workload. There would be smooth workflow which results in quality health care provisions w ithin the hospital. Not all hospitals in Australia have got fewer nurses compared to a number of patients. Patients transfer is one of the strategies which can be used to reduce the workload of the patient within the hospital facility. It is widely used in Australia and it ensures that a patient is transferred to the facility which would be in good position to be offered quality care (Mcmillan et al., 2016). The hospital facilities should reduce the length of stay within the hospital. The move would ensure that number of nurses within that particular facility would meet the services of the patients admitted. Additionally, health care facilities should ensure that they only admit patients who meet the ratio of nurses within the facility to avoid much workload. In regards to this idea, the use of e-health should be employed by the management of the hospital to facilitate the work of the nurses. It works lessen work and facilitates patient discharge in order to pave room for the new patients. According to Australia midwife board, the nurse should ensure nursing ethics prevail of which failure would lead to deregistration. In this regards, nurses should avoid working for extra hours which exceed the stipulated time. According to Australian Nursing Federation, an average nurse should work for 32.8hours per week. The hospital management should ensure that no nurse is allowed to work for more than such hours per week. The move would make sure that nurses are not overworked thus saving them from undergoing stress, burnout and psychological torture (Brunetto et al., 2016). On this note, it is very crucial for the nurse leadership to make sure that each and every nurse is scheduled for a leave in a year. The idea would assist them to get refresh and get relaxed and gain energy to perform the task. On the other hand, training them on the importance of working within specified time and overload is crucial because it would impact them with a better understanding of why they should be overload. Medical errors are the key killer of patients within hospitals in Australia. One of the contributors of this situation is fatigue and lack of concentration by the nurses. Nurse leadership should put in place measures to ensure that nurse who is handling patients undergoing certain surgical procedures are evaluated before the task, it is one of the ways to affirm that they are fit and they have put in place the correct measures for the operation. Reference list Alghamdi, M.G., 2016. Nursing workload: A concept analysis.Journal of nursing management,24(4), pp.449-457. Blay, N., Roche, M., Duffield, C. and Gallagher, R., 2017. Intra?hospital transfers and the Impact on Nursing Workload.Journal of clinical nursing. Brunetto, Y., Xerri, M., Trinchero, E., Farr-Wharton, R., Shacklock, K. and Borgonovi, E., 2016. Public-Private Sector Comparisons of Nurses' Work Harassment Using Set: Italy and Australia. Public Management Review,18(10), pp.1479-1503. Carrara, F.S.A., Zanei, S.S.V., Cremasco, M.F. and Whitaker, I.Y., 2016. Outcomes and nursing workload related to obese patients in the intensive care unit.Intensive and Critical Care Nursing,35, pp.45-51. Davidson, P. and Everett, B., 2015. Managing approaches to nursing care delivery.Transitions in nursing: preparing for professional practice. Chatswood, New South Wales, Australia: Elsevier Health Sciences, pp.125-142. Duffield, C., Diers, D., O'Brien-Pallas, L., Aisbett, C., Roche, M., King, M. and Aisbett, K., 2011. Nursing staffing, nursing workload, the work environment and patient outcomes.Applied nursing research,24(4), pp.244-255. Hayes, B., Douglas, C. and Bonner, A., 2015. Work environment, job satisfaction, stress and burnout among hemodialysis nurses. Journal of nursing management,23(5), pp.588-598. Henderson, J., Willis, E., Blackman, I., Toffoli, L. and Verrall, C., 2016. Causes of missed nursing care: qualitative responses to a survey of Australian nurses.Labour Industry: a journal of the social and economic relations of work,26(4), pp.281-297. Mcmillan, K., Butow, P., Turner, J., Yates, P., White, K., Lambert, S., Stephens, M. and Lawsin, C., 2016. Burnout and the provision of psychosocial care amongst Australian cancer nurses.European Journal of Oncology Nursing,22, pp.37-45. Pearson, A., Pallas, L.O.B., Thomson, D., Doucette, E., Tucker, D., Wiechula, R., Long, L., Porritt, K. and Jordan, Z., 2006. Systematic review of evidence on the impact of nursing workload and staffing on establishing healthy work environments.International Journal of Evidence?Based Healthcare,4(4), pp.337-384. Ross, C., Rogers, C. and King, C., 2018. Safety culture and an invisible nursing workload.Collegian. Twigg, D. and Duffield, C., 2009. A review of workload measures: a context for a new staffing methodology in Western Australia.International Journal of Nursing Studies,46(1), pp.132-140.

XML and ebXML Essay Example

XML and ebXML Essay ebXML is an acronym which stands for â€Å"Electronic Business Extensible Markup Language†. From ebXML.org website, the description says that it is a modular suite of specification that enables global electronic market by allowing enterprises around the world to conduct business over the internet. It can be likened to the English language, although different people from different nationalities speak of different language, English is there to facilitate communication and that is why it is considered as the international language. In the same way, ebXML is the language or a tool which businesses can use to have better communication with each other. However, we are not referring to simple communications here, as we are referring to those complicated processes that are taking place in the context of the electronic business. The complexities of different forms of technology utilized by different enterprises have reduced the compatibility of data shared between enterprises electronically. High rate of incompatibility can be blamed from the fact that enterprises do not have one man who does the preparation of the information to be shared, but instead they rely most of the preparation to their own experts. Information systems used by different enterprises in most cases do not produce outputs of common format, and that’s another issue of incompatibility. There came a time when XML was introduced to the market, and it was widely accepted and utilized in information sharing. However, the absence of one man to do the preparation is still a problem. XML based information shared by businesses where having different specifications, structures, and definition. Still businesses were not able to resolve the situation. This problem has long been recognized as a barrier to the success of enabling a global electr onic market. It has long been realized that the only solution is to develop a common or standard rules, tools, or guidelines of formatting information. It is also widely accepted that XML is effective and the problem with incompatibility between XML based information can be solved by creating an open technical framework containing to enable uniform and consistent use of XML. We will write a custom essay sample on XML and ebXML specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on XML and ebXML specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on XML and ebXML specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer ebXML helps reduce the cost of information sharing among enterprises. Many enterprises have long been sharing information through the use of Electronic Data Interface and this method is expensive. ebXML on the other hand is an economy-of-scale and implementation is easier because it can be implemented through the internet and other available networks. Enterprises no longer worry of the high cost of paying for hand carry, mail service, or make subsequent faxes, making phone calls to send information to other enterprises. It facilitates market expansion by locating potential businesses to partner with from different locations around the world. There’s no need to worry of incompatibility or misunderstanding. ebXML offers a single framework of exchanging XML based information which enterprises having access to the system can use. ebXML is secured. All information registered and shared in an ebXML system is authenticated and regulated by security policy set by the ebXML supporters. Its specifications are supported and continually updated by OASIS , UN/CEFACT, and many other organizations aiming for achieving international standardizations of business operation. ebXML achieved compatibility by providing enterprises with standardized message structures, standardized business process sequence, clear business semantics, and standardized business trading agreements. This makes business to business transactions processing quicker and efficient regardless of geographical locations as long as they are having access to the network running an ebXML compliant system. Sample ebXML implementations is the Dealersphere, a web-service based integration implemented for the auto industry. Car dealers who registered with dealership was connected to each other by the dealersphere engine plugged into dealer’s LAN. Other implementation was conducted supported by CECID and Hongkong government was deployed in eInvoicing System for Metro Operator (MTRC), eProcurement system for HMV Hongkong and Sony Hongkong, and the Dangerous Goods Manifests Submission System, and many others. Other CECID contribution to ebXML implementation is the Hermes (ebMS), and ebMail for freebXML,org website. Other implementations are the ebXML Messaging Services Interoperability and Conformance Validation Test conducted by eBusinessReady, Electronic hiring of temporary staff by European openExchange. Implementation of ebXML The prefix â€Å"eb† may have made the term â€Å"ebXML† as different from XML. Implementing ebXML compliant document structures can be done manually or automatically. No need to worry about purchasing new machines, it is designed to be independent. It can run on machines which support standard internet transfer protocol and XML. Existing computer systems supports the two basic requirements. Doing it manually requires not only knowledge in XML, but also of the internationally agreed standards of how XML should be used. Details of how ebXML is to be implemented are found on ebXML specifications. OASIS and UN/CEFACT accepts membership for those who want to participate in ebXML world. By joining to these sites, you can work with international experts who are collaborating efforts for the development of ebXML, and promoting it to the global electronic market. On the other hand, doing it automatically means using application software which generates ebXML compliant documents. Using ebXML compliant software is quicker because it provides something similar to the click and drag environment. There are downloadable ebXML editor from freebxml.org. Enterprises can create their own network of ebXML users. However, there is one most important requirement for an ebXML enabled interaction between enterprises, and that is the registry. The registry is a central repository of all the business processes, business profiles, process specifications, and data interchange classifications. In short, a repository or registry stores all relevant information. The registry mush have a graphical user interface where users can query, update stored information, insert new information, etc. Free ebXML registry can be found on the internet. There are also existing ebXML registry which are already implemented in various places around the world.   One must only need to search for these registries, inquire, and then register. Once the registration is complete, a registered enterprise can start registering his business processes specification, business profile, and other information pertaining to its business. All information registered on the ebXML registry are made available to all visitors querying on th e registry, which made it easier to find potential business partners. Once business partners agreed to work together, they will sign a Collaborative Protocol Agreement. Once the agreement is finished, the participating parties can start working with one another. Conclusion ebXML is a very effective tool for engaging in a global electronic market. It is less expensive, easier to implement, and supported by international standards. Many enterprises will soon implement ebXML which will enable them to meet on the internet regardless of geographical location.